A Stage Structural Design of Concrete Cantilever Retaining Wall
As stated in the introduction to this appendix, the second stage of the wall design entails the structural design of the concrete wall, to include the dimensioning of the concrete base slab the toe and heel elements and stem, and the detailing of the reinforcing steel. All reinforced-concrete hydraulic structures must satisfy both strength and serviceability requirements. In the strength design method, this is accomplished by multiplying the service loads by appropriate load factors and by a...
Research into the Seismic Response of a Cantilever Retaining Wall
The seismic loads acting on the structural wedge of a cantilever retaining wall are illustrated in Figure 1-3. The structural wedge consists of the concrete wall and the backfill above the base of the wall i.e., the backfill to the left of a vertical section through the heel of the cantilever wall . The resultant force of the static and dynamic stresses acting on the vertical section through the heel i.e., heel section is designated as PaE, heel, and the normal and shear base reactions are N'...
References
American Concrete Institute. 2002 . Building code requirements for reinforced concrete and commentary, ACI 318-02, Detroit, MI. Aitken, G. H., Elms, D. G., and Berrill, J. B. 1982 . Seismic response of retaining walls, Research Report 82-5, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand, 87 pp. Clough, G. W., and Duncan, J. M. 1991 . Earth pressures. Foundation engineering handbook. 2nd ed., H.Y. Fang, ed., Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, Chapter 6,...
Background
Formal consideration of the permanent seismic wall displacement in the seismic design process for Corps-type retaining structures is given in Ebeling and Morrison 1992 . The key aspect of this engineering approach is that simplified procedures for computing the seismically induced earth loads on retaining structures are dependent upon the amount of permanent wall displacement that is expected to occur for each specified design earthquake. The Corps uses two design earthquakes as stipulated in...